In the present work, MWCNTs were used in wt.% of 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3 in epoxy resin, and then glass fabric-epoxy polymer (GF-EP) composites were fabricated using VARIM setup. The mechanical and wear properties of GF-EP composites were compared with and without the addition of MWCNTs. Maximum improvement in tensile and flexural performance was seen in GF-EP composites at 0.15 weight percent MWCNT addition compared to a neat GF-EP one, based on static testing such as tensile and flexural tests. High-cycle fatigue test results show a relatively higher cycle count with 0.15 wt.% MWCNTs addition in the GF-EP composite compared to the GF-EP without the addition of MWCNTs. The wear performance also improved with a lower friction coefficient as well as a lower track depth and width for MWCNTs with added GF-EP than plain GF-EP composite. Therefore, in addition to decreasing surface softening and improving the wear performance of glass fabric epoxy composites, MWCNTs (0.15 weight percent) increased the interfacial adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface. This study establishes an optimum ratio of 0.15 wt.% of MWCNTs addition in glass fabric-epoxy polymer composites for enhancement in their mechanical and wear performance.

Copper Oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are widely used and they build up in the aquatic environment and can be harmful to aquatic life. Aquatic creatures are affected by CuO NPs, yet the consequences of these particles have not been well explored despite contentious toxicological results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to CuO-NPs on adult zebrafish. The study was carried out by conducting physicochemical characterization of commercially procured CuO-NPs using UV/Vis, ICP-OES spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR). Following characterization, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/l of CuO-NPs. Characterization revealed a heterogeneous population of nanoparticles in the size ranges of 10–50 nm. Oxidative stress indicators and functional markers were studied in addition to tissue histology. Chronic exposure to adult Fish at concentrations of 1 and 3 mg/l exhibited increased levels of stress compared to lower concentrations of 0.5 mg/l. Observations from histology showed that the extent of tissue damage and injuries increased with the concentration of CuO-NPs. In conclusion, chronic exposure to ≤50nm-sized CuO-NPs exhibited toxic repercussions in adult zebrafish.

The optimized investigations of gold nanoparticles (GNP) doped cholesteric liquid crystals revealed the vibrant transitions of liquid crystal phases. Thermodynamical investigation observed the critical temperatures of different phases. The different concentration of gold nanoparticles induced in cholesteric liquid crystal shows the extensive assortment of various phases as well as reduced the cholesteric–blue phase-isotropic transition temperature from 105 ^OC to 101 ^OC. The predisposition of the twisting of molecules in the gold nanoparticles doped cholesteric liquid crystal samples was confirmed by the electro-optical examination. Dielectric investigation recorded the effect of gold nanoparticles in cholesteric liquid crystal. It signatures that the dielectric permittivity and absorption reduced from 11.57 to 10.2 and 14 to 13.2 respectively.  Plasmonic behavior of the CLC-Au NPs matrix modulated by the wavelength shifting. Enrichment of the functional area of the material surface and decrement of photoluminescence intensity has been experiential by the doping of gold nanoparticles in a cholesteric liquid crystals matrix. 

The present study compares the microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with conventional composite resin and composite resin containing Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles after thermocycling. Eighty human extracted premolars bonded with 0.022 slot MBT brackets were divided into Group I (TiO2 nanoparticles composite) and Group II (conventional Transbond XT composite). After bonding, samples were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C and evaluated for microleakage (stereomicroscope, 40X) and SBS (Universal testing machine). Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was scored under 10X magnification, and data was analyzed using a t-test and Chi-square test. The results showed that Group II (conventional composite) demonstrated higher shear bond strength (19.01 MPa) than Group I (15.05 MPa, p<0.001). Group II also showed lower microleakage (0.42 mm) than Group I (0.83 mm, p=0.01). Incisal microleakage was lower (p=0.16), with a higher ARI score (p=0.03) in the Group II samples. The current study revealed that the conventional composite resin (Transbond XT) has a higher shear bond strength and decreased microleakage compared to Titanium oxide nanoparticle incorporated composite within a clinically significant range. Conventional composite resin bonding also exhibited higher Adhesive remnant index scores, indicating a reduced risk of enamel damage during debonding.

 In this study, the detailed phytochemical composition of two medicinal plants was investigated and their importance in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis was highlighted. Aqueous extracts from the leaves of both plants were used for various analytical techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids in different fractions of plant extracts revealed significant concentrations. TLC profiling showed a higher abundance of free phenolic and flavonoid compounds compared to bound forms in both plants, suggesting that they contribute significantly to total phenolic and flavonoid content. UV-vis spectra from 200 to 600 nm revealed the presence of aromatic rings and chromophores in leaf extracts. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds, some of which were found to be common between these two species. The results demonstrate that various bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and terpenoids were present in these plant species. These compounds efficiently serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents during phytofabrication of AgNPs, consequently eliminating the need for the use of hazardous chemicals.

Red-light emitting Cadmium Sulfide_0.8 Selenide_0.2 /Zinc Sulfide (CdS_0.8Se_0.2/ZnS) based quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by hot injection method and utilized as the emissive layer in the quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED) with the device structure of Indium Tin Oxide/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate /Polyvinylcarbazole(or Poly(N,N′-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N′-bisphenyl)benzidin)/QD/ZincOxide/LithiumFluoride/ Aluminum [ITO/ PEDOT: PSS/PVK(or p-TPD)/QD/ZnO/LiF/Al]. QD inks were formulated and prepared in octane: decane; (1/1, v/v) solvent system and mixed with the nonionic surfactant, TritonX-100, to make the QD inks inkjet printable. In addition to the inkjet printing technique, spin coating was also employed to form the QD emissive layer for comparing device performance. Compared to the p-TPD-based QLED device, the PVK-based device fabricated via spin coating exhibited ~6-fold higher performance in terms of luminance and efficiency values. In the case of using the ink-jet printer, ~2-fold higher maximum luminance value and slightly lower external quantum efficiency at the lower current density region were obtained in the p-TPD-based device. Furthermore, compared to the PVK layer, the p-TPD layer provided higher device stability regardless of the coating method at the higher current density regions. We suggest that the coating method applied and the choice of hole transport layer (HTL) materials may control the device parameters.

Extensive interest has been poured into the production of sustainable nanomaterials. We report the fabrication of cerium oxide nanomaterial (CNP)utilizing crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata. This synthesis route devises a sustainable approach with the implementation of a less energy-intensive process and avoids hazardous chemicals. The crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata (cAP) act simultaneously as a reducing and stabilizing agent and support the nucleation of CNP leading to unique physiochemical properties. The cAP-CNP conjugate is found in the size range of 150nm with signature UV peaks at 310 nm indicating Ce⁺⁴ surface oxidation state. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis of cAP-CNP conjugate indicates the ultra-structure of dry powder and polycrystalline signature peaks with 111, 200, 220 and 311 crystal planes indicating pure cubic fluorite structure. Further cAP-CNP conjugate also reports high H₂O₂(80%)and moderate superoxide anion (40%) antioxidative scavenging. The cAP-CNPnanomaterial conjugates exhibit excellent antimicrobial behavior with a reduction of 60% E.colibacterial growth. Similarly,cAP-CNP conjugate exhibits alpha-amylase inhibition (80%) activity indicating its prospects in diabetics’management.In-vitro analysis results the biocompatibility with 85% skin keratinocyte cell growth. Anti-inflammatory assay revealed IL-6 (89%) and TNF-alpha (81%) reduced expression. Overall, cAP-CNP demonstrates a sustainable approach to prospective biomedical applications.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in water resources is a growing concern worldwide due to their potential health impacts on aquatic life and humans. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective and sustainable technologies for removing these contaminants from water and wastewater. Magnetic nanomaterials have emerged as promising materials for this purpose due to their fast kinetics, easy magnetic separation, and reuse. This review is important as it highlights the significance of developing sustainable technologies using magnetic iron-based nanomaterials for removing pharmaceutical contaminants from water resources. This review investigated the application of magnetic nanomaterials for removing pharmaceuticals from water resources through adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. Here, the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanomaterials and analytical detection techniques were evaluated. The review findings indicate that magnetic nanomaterials effectively removed pharmaceuticals from water through adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. More importantly, the removal processes remained effective for many cycles. However, only 22% of the studies demonstrated the application of magnetic nanomaterials on real water samples, as 78% stopped at experiments using distilled water in the laboratory. Further research on multi-component systems and real water samples is necessary to fully evaluate the potential of magnetic nanomaterials for pharmaceutical removal from water resources.

This study presents the successful implementation of ZnO thin films (denoted as z01, z02, and z03) through magnetron sputtering in the photocatalytic production of hydrogen using a low-intensity UV source (3 mW cm⁻²). The one-step synthesis process demonstrates simplicity and scalability. The deposited coatings, with thicknesses ranging from 62 to 209 nm, exhibit a hexagonal crystalline structure and display visible luminescence in the yellow-red range, attributed to point defects in the ZnO lattice. Among the samples, z03 (62 nm in thickness) exhibited the most promising performance in photocatalytic hydrogen production, achieving a rate of (5387.2 ± 151.6) µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ when utilizing methanol as a hole scavenger. These findings hold great potential for upscaling such coatings in energy harvesting applications. The present work opens new avenues for efficient and scalable hydrogen production, contributing to improving clean energy technologies.

The pandemic outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, swine flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, zika virus outbreak, and coronavirus are influential events that were transmitted through various countries in a short period. Due to sudden outbreaks of this pandemic and unavailability of rapid diagnostic kits, strategic management, and treatment caused a high rate of mortality and mortality. Primarily diagnosis and detection of infections are performed through tedious pathological tests; however, the recent advancements in nanotechnology-based robust sensors are handy and rapid to detect such infections. Smart biosensors offer promising prospects such as portability, flexibility, multifunctional use, and efficient operation that provides fast and real-time response against tested components. The biosensors act as an interface between biological analytes and quantifiable electrical signals. Enabling this biosensor with nanotechnology has not only revolutionized the diagnosis of infection but also regular health checkups. The present review presents compressive updates on different types of sensors available to measure health conditions, with elaboration enabling sensor processing using nanotechnology. Moreover, the safety consideration and applicability of wearable sensors in day-to-day routine activity.

Carbon nanomaterials are one of the most widely investigated nano-materials for the degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants like dyes and insecticides in an environmentally benign and that too in sustainable manner. The problems associated with the existing catalysts are related to their high band gap values and large particle sizes. In this review, the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants from industrial wastewater by using negligible amounts of carbon nanocatalysts has been covered as a solution to such types of problems. The photocatalytic activity of the carbon nanocomposites was reported to be affected by factors like particle size, nature of crystallinity, band gap, morphology and total surface area of the nanomaterials per unit mass. Despite various required optimizations, the carbon-containing nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metal oxide nanocomposites synthesized by using different methods have shown better photocatalytic activity as compared to others. This review article may open a new avenue to control water pollution efficiently and cost-effectively.

Multifunctional polymer networks fortified with the power of graphene and its derivatives as nano-inclusions have excellent sound absorption efficiency in broad frequency range, high loss factor, and matching impedance with that of water along with exceptional thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties are found to be the pre-eminent material for the underwater acoustic applications, particularly for the military tactics. To develop a stealthy underwater acoustic material, various factors need to be carefully considered, including matching acoustic impedance, glass transition temperature, loss factor, tan δ value, compression set and other mechanical properties, thermal stability, adhesion, and other tribological properties, which is briefly summarized in this review. Strategical development of hybrid nano-inclusions, viscoelastic polymer networks, nanocomposites as well as various interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), assiduous synthesis and surface modification of graphene are pivotal key approaches that need to be appraised. Simulation studies focusing on various potential models need to be developed for the feasibility studies and designing of the underwater acoustic material.