Standardized Operational Protocol of Human Brain Banking for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no reliable treatment. Existing clinical diagnostic methods include neurophysiological examination, neuroimaging, and genetic testing, etc. In contrast, there is a relative insufficiency of data in neuropathology research, and the pathogenesis is still poorly understood. The neuropathological evaluation results obtained from autopsies of ALS patients and various organ and tissue samples are crucial resources for the study of this disease. The ALS Human Brain Bank is urgently needed for the basic and clinical research on this disease. However, currently there is no standardized protocol for such an ALS Brain Bank. Based on the "Standardized Operational Protocol for the Human Brain Banking in China", this Standardized Operational Protocol is drafted to provide a guideline for the construction and operation of ALS Brain Bank to ensure the quality and homogeneity in China and worldwide. This article focused on the collection of anti-mortem information, donation process, the harvesting, preservation and pathological evaluation of the brain, spinal cord, and other organ/tissue samples of ALS donors in the human brain bank. The establishment of ALS Brain Banks may foster the relevant research works and pave the way for the treatment of this disease.

Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Human Brain Bank Neuropathology Brain Spinal Cord

Section

References

Aktekin, M. R., & Uysal, H. (2020). Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Turkish Journal Of Neurology, 26(3), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.2020.45549
Cui, L.-y. (2022). Consensus for diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2022. Chinese Journal of Neurology(06), 581-588. https://rs.yiigle.com/CN113694202206/1380793.htm
Kjaeldgaard, A. L., Pilely, K., Olsen, K. S., Lauritsen, A. O., Pedersen, S. W., Moller, K., & Garred, P. (2020). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the innate immune system: protocol for establishing a biobank and statistical analysis plan. BMJ Open, 10(8), e037753. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037753
Li, H. F., & Wu, Z. Y. (2016). Genotype-phenotype correlations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener, 5, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-016-0050-8
Liu, F., Yin, X.-S., Cong, C., Wang, Y., & Ma, C. (2022). Human Brain Banking as a Convergence Platform of Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatric Research. Human Brain, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.001.001.0204
Nolan, M., Scott, C., Gamarallage, M. P., Lunn, D., Carpenter, K., McDonough, E., Meyer, D., Kaanumalle, S., Santamaria-Pang, A., Turner, M. R., Talbot, K., & Ansorge, O. (2020). Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes. Acta Neuropathol Commun, 8(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2
Piao, Y. S., Lu, D. H., Chen, L., Liu, J., Wang, W., Liu, L., Yu, T., Wang, Y. P., & Li, Y. J. (2010). Neuropathological findings in intractable epilepsy: 435 Chinese cases. Brain Pathol, 20(5), 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00386.x
Qiu, W., Zhang, H., Bao, A., Zhu, K., Huang, Y., Yan, X., Zhang, J., Zhong, C., Shen, Y., Zhou, J., Zheng, X., Zhang, L., Shu, Y., Tang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, G., Zhou, R., Sun, B., Gong, C., . . . Ma, C. (2019). Standardized Operational Protocol for Human Brain Banking in China. Neurosci Bull, 35(2), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0306-7
QIU, W. y., MA, C., BAO, A. m., ZHU, K. q., HUANG, Y., YAN, X. x., ZHANG, J., ZHONG, C. j., ZHOU, J. n., SHEN, Y., ZHENG, X. y., ZHANG, L. w., SHU, Y. s., TANG, B. s., ZHANG, Z. x., & DUAN, S. m. (2017). Standardized operational protocol for human brain banking in China. Acta Anatoica Sinica, 3, 282-289. https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529⁃1356.2017.03.000
Riku, Y., Seilhean, D., Duyckaerts, C., Boluda, S., Iguchi, Y., Ishigaki, S., Iwasaki, Y., Yoshida, M., Sobue, G., & Katsuno, M. (2021). Pathway from TDP-43-Related Pathology to Neuronal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083843
Rosenbohm, A., Liu, M., Nagel, G., Peter, R. S., Cui, B., Li, X., Kassubek, J., Rothenbacher, D., Lulé, D., Cui, L., & Ludolph, A. C. (2018). Phenotypic differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in China and Germany. Journal of Neurology, 265(4), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8735-9
Shefner, J. M., Al-Chalabi, A., Baker, M. R., Cui, L.-Y., de Carvalho, M., Eisen, A., Grosskreutz, J., Hardiman, O., Henderson, R., Matamala, J. M., Mitsumoto, H., Paulus, W., Simon, N., Swash, M., Talbot, K., Turner, M. R., Ugawa, Y., van den Berg, L. H., Verdugo, R., . . . Kiernan, M. C. (2020). A proposal for new diagnostic criteria for ALS. Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(8), 1975-1978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005
Stoyanov, G. S., Dzhenkov, D. L., & Petkova, L. (2021). Histomorphology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Autopsy Case Report. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14999
Talbott, E. O., Malek, A. M., & Lacomis, D. (2016). The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol, 138, 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802973-2.00013-6
Tao, Q. Q., Wei, Q., & Wu, Z. Y. (2018). Sensory nerve disturbance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Life Sci, 203, 242-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.052
Xue, W., Juanli, W. U., Naili, W., Di, Z., Zhen, C., Hanlin, Z., Keqing, Z. H. U., Aimin, B. A. O., Jing, Z., Yi, S., Xiaojing, Q., & Wenying, Q. I. U. (2022). Standardized Operational Protocol for the China Human Brain Bank Consortium. Human Brain, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.001.001.0209

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“Standardized Operational Protocol of Human Brain Banking for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”. Human Brain, vol. 2, no. 1, Feb. 2023, https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.1.323.

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“Standardized Operational Protocol of Human Brain Banking for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”. Human Brain, vol. 2, no. 1, Feb. 2023, https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.1.323.

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[1] Aktekin, M. R., & Uysal, H. (2020). Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Turkish Journal Of Neurology, 26(3), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.2020.45549

[2] Cui, L.-y. (2022). Consensus for diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2022. Chinese Journal of Neurology(06), 581-588. https://rs.yiigle.com/CN113694202206/1380793.htm

[3] Kjaeldgaard, A. L., Pilely, K., Olsen, K. S., Lauritsen, A. O., Pedersen, S. W., Moller, K., & Garred, P. (2020). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the innate immune system: protocol for establishing a biobank and statistical analysis plan. BMJ Open, 10(8), e037753. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037753

[4] Li, H. F., & Wu, Z. Y. (2016). Genotype-phenotype correlations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener, 5, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-016-0050-8

[5] Liu, F., Yin, X.-S., Cong, C., Wang, Y., & Ma, C. (2022). Human Brain Banking as a Convergence Platform of Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatric Research. Human Brain, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.001.001.0204

[6] Nolan, M., Scott, C., Gamarallage, M. P., Lunn, D., Carpenter, K., McDonough, E., Meyer, D., Kaanumalle, S., Santamaria-Pang, A., Turner, M. R., Talbot, K., & Ansorge, O. (2020). Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes. Acta Neuropathol Commun, 8(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2

[7] Piao, Y. S., Lu, D. H., Chen, L., Liu, J., Wang, W., Liu, L., Yu, T., Wang, Y. P., & Li, Y. J. (2010). Neuropathological findings in intractable epilepsy: 435 Chinese cases. Brain Pathol, 20(5), 902-908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00386.x

[8] Qiu, W., Zhang, H., Bao, A., Zhu, K., Huang, Y., Yan, X., Zhang, J., Zhong, C., Shen, Y., Zhou, J., Zheng, X., Zhang, L., Shu, Y., Tang, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, G., Zhou, R., Sun, B., Gong, C., . . . Ma, C. (2019). Standardized Operational Protocol for Human Brain Banking in China. Neurosci Bull, 35(2), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0306-7

[9] QIU, W. y., MA, C., BAO, A. m., ZHU, K. q., HUANG, Y., YAN, X. x., ZHANG, J., ZHONG, C. j., ZHOU, J. n., SHEN, Y., ZHENG, X. y., ZHANG, L. w., SHU, Y. s., TANG, B. s., ZHANG, Z. x., & DUAN, S. m. (2017). Standardized operational protocol for human brain banking in China. Acta Anatoica Sinica, 3, 282-289. https://doi.org/10.16098/j.issn.0529⁃1356.2017.03.000

[10] Riku, Y., Seilhean, D., Duyckaerts, C., Boluda, S., Iguchi, Y., Ishigaki, S., Iwasaki, Y., Yoshida, M., Sobue, G., & Katsuno, M. (2021). Pathway from TDP-43-Related Pathology to Neuronal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083843

[11] Rosenbohm, A., Liu, M., Nagel, G., Peter, R. S., Cui, B., Li, X., Kassubek, J., Rothenbacher, D., Lulé, D., Cui, L., & Ludolph, A. C. (2018). Phenotypic differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in China and Germany. Journal of Neurology, 265(4), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8735-9

[12] Shefner, J. M., Al-Chalabi, A., Baker, M. R., Cui, L.-Y., de Carvalho, M., Eisen, A., Grosskreutz, J., Hardiman, O., Henderson, R., Matamala, J. M., Mitsumoto, H., Paulus, W., Simon, N., Swash, M., Talbot, K., Turner, M. R., Ugawa, Y., van den Berg, L. H., Verdugo, R., . . . Kiernan, M. C. (2020). A proposal for new diagnostic criteria for ALS. Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(8), 1975-1978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005

[13] Stoyanov, G. S., Dzhenkov, D. L., & Petkova, L. (2021). Histomorphology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Autopsy Case Report. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14999

[14] Talbott, E. O., Malek, A. M., & Lacomis, D. (2016). The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol, 138, 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802973-2.00013-6

[15] Tao, Q. Q., Wei, Q., & Wu, Z. Y. (2018). Sensory nerve disturbance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Life Sci, 203, 242-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.052

[16] Xue, W., Juanli, W. U., Naili, W., Di, Z., Zhen, C., Hanlin, Z., Keqing, Z. H. U., Aimin, B. A. O., Jing, Z., Yi, S., Xiaojing, Q., & Wenying, Q. I. U. (2022). Standardized Operational Protocol for the China Human Brain Bank Consortium. Human Brain, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37819/hb.001.001.0209