Long-Term Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

• Abstract

Long-Term Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

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Qiqi Wang, Lixin Zhou, Jun Nib

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In recent years, the prevalence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been rising, which is of great significance to public health. In young stroke patients, the long-term effects on neurological, psychological, and social functioning are incalculable. This article reviews the latest knowledge on the prognosis of young ischemic stroke, with a particular focus on the long-term prognosis and socio-economic issues of young individuals who have experienced an ischemic stroke. The review revealed that young patients with ischemic stroke have a significantly higher long-term mortality rate compared to the general population of the same age and gender. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular issues. The overall occurrence rate of subsequent stroke can reach up to 9.4%~11.5% over 5 years and up to 19.4%~21.6% within 10 years. Among young stroke patients with atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and multiple vascular risk factors, the risk of mortality and recurrent vascular events increased, whereas cryptogenic stroke was associated with the lowest risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events. During extended periods of observation, young individuals who have experienced a stroke frequently encounter additional negative long-term effects, such as epilepsy, cognitive decline, depression, and difficulties in returning to work. Overall, the outlook for young individuals with ischemic stroke in the long term is generally unfavorable, with the specific outcome depending on the cause and risk factors of the stroke. Early detection and proactive management of risk factors, together with the improvement of primary and secondary prevention and treatment, are essential in minimizing the impact of stroke on young individuals in the future.

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