People LGBT+ homeless: a review of related literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v11.4463Keywords:
Homeless, LGBT, Lesbian, gay, TransgenderAbstract
Introduction: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and other identities (LGBT+) people are invisible despite being overrepresented in the homeless population in many countries. Methodology: Systematic review of the literature between February and April 2022 on LGBT+ PSH studies, published in Scopus and Google Scholar. All articles were assessed for eligibility and data extracted. Results: A total of 51 articles were selected and a table summarizing their characteristics was created. Conclusions: it is necessary to increase research, expand the LGBT+ sample to achieve better intervention/prevention of homelessness among these people.
References
Abramovich, A. (2016). Preventing, reducing and ending LGBTQ2S youth homelessness: The need for targeted strategies. Social Inclusion, 4(4), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.669
Aidala, A., Cross, J. E., Stall, R., Harre, D., y Sumartojo, E. (2005). Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: implications for prevention and policy. AIDS and Behavior, 9(3), 251-265. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-005-9000-7
American Psychiatric Association. Meeting. (1994). Continuing Medical Education Syllabus and Scientific Proceedings in Summary Form: Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (Vol. 147). American Psychiatric Association.
Badgett, M. V., Choi, S. K., y Wilson, B. D. (2019). LGBT poverty in the United States: A study of differences between sexual orientation and gender identity groups. Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/content/qt37b617z8/qt37b617z8.pdf
Balsam, K. F., Molina, Y., Beadnell, B., Simoni, J., y Walters, K. (2011). Measuring multiple minority stress: the LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023244
Barry, D. T., y Grilo, C. M. (2003). Cultural, self‐esteem, and demographic correlates of perception of personal and group discrimination among East Asian immigrants. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73(2), 223-229.https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.73.2.223
Bateman, W. (2015). LGBT Youth homelessness: A UK national scoping of cause, prevelence, response and outcome. London, UK: Albert Kennedy Trust.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., y Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: The Beck Anxiety Inventory. J Consult Clin Psychol, 56(6), 893-897.
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., y Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
Begun, S., y Kattari, S. K. (2016). Conforming for survival: Associations between transgender visual conformity/passing and homelessness experiences. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 28(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1125821
Berberet, H. M. (2006). Putting the pieces together for queer youth: A model of integrated assessment of need and program planning. Child Welfare, 361-384.
Berger, B. E., Ferrans, C. E., y Lashley, F. R. (2001). Measuring stigma in people with HIV: Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Research in nursing & health, 24(6), 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.10011
Bernstein, L. Fink, L. Handelsman, J. Foote, M. Lovejoy, K. Wenzel, et al. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1132-1136
Bidell, M. P. (2014). Is there an emotional cost of completing high school? Ecological factors and psychological distress among LGBT homeless youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 61(3), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2013.842426
Billies, M., Johnson, J., Murungi, K., y Pugh, R. (2009). Naming our reality: Low-income LGBT people documenting violence, discrimination and assertions of justice. Feminism & Psychology, 19(3), 375-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353509105628
Blosnich, J. R., Rodriguez, K. L., Hruska, K. L., Klima, G. J., Vazzano, J. K., Shipherd, J. C., Kauth, M. R., y Montgomery, A. E. (2020). “Get people out of bad situations sooner”: Exploring transgender and cisgender veterans’ experiences using permanent supportive housing. Housing and Society, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08882746.2020.1716537
Campos, D. A. D., y Moretti-Pires, R. O. (2018). Trajetórias sociais de gays e lésbicas moradores de rua de Florianópolis (SC), 2016. Revista Estudos Feministas, 26. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584-2018v26n245995
Castellanos, H. D. (2016). The role of institutional placement, family conflict, and homosexuality in homelessness pathways among Latino LGBT youth in New York City. Journal of homosexuality, 63(5), 601-632. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2015.1111108
Choi, S., Wilson, B., Shelton, J., y Gates, G. (2015). Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of LGBTQ Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Los Angeles: Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pd9886n
Clements-Nolle, K., Marx, R., y Katz, M. (2006). Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of homosexuality, 51(3), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v51n03_04
Cochran, B. N., Stewart, A. J., Ginzler, J. A., y Cauce, A. M. (2002). Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts. American Journal of Public Health, 92(5), 773–777. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.5.773
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2136404
Cray, A., Miller, K., y Durso, L. (2013). Seeking Shelter: The Experiences and Unmet Needs of Homeless LGBT Youth.
DeCandia, C. J., Murphy, C. M., y Coupe, N. (2014). Needs of special populations of families without homes. In Supporting Families Experiencing Homelessness (pp. 79-102). Springer, New York, NY.
DeLongis, A., Coyne, J. C., Dakof, G., Folkman, S., y Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Relationship of daily hassles, uplifts, and major life events to health status. Health psychology, 1(2), 119-136 https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.1.2.119
Dempsey, D., Parkinson, S., Andrews, C., y McNair, R. (2020). Family relationships and LGB first homelessness in Australia: What do we know and where should we go? Journal of Sociology, 56(4), 516-534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783320927087
Derogatis, L. R. (1975). The SCL-90-R. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.
Derogatis, L. R. (1992). BSI-II Administration, Qualification and Procedures Manual. Baltimore, MD: Clinical Psychiatric Research Inc.
Derogatis, L. R. (1993). BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Bloomington, MN: Pearson Clinical Assessment.
Dolamore, S., y Naylor, L. A. (2018). Providing solutions to LGBT homeless youth: Lessons from Baltimore’s youth empowered society. Public Integrity, 20(6), 595-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1333943
Douglass, K. M., Polcari, A., Najjar, N., Kronenfeld, J., y Deshpande, A. R. (2018). Health care for the homeless transgender community: Psychiatric services and transition care at a student-run clinic. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 29(3), 940–948. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2018.0070
Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., y Anda, R. F. (2003). Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study. Pediatrics, 111(3), 564-572. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.3.564
Duckworth, A. L., y Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (GRIT–S). Journal of personality assessment, 91(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290
Ecker, J. (2016). Queer, young, and homeless: A review of the literature. Child & Youth Services, 37, 325–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2016.1151781
Feinstein, R., Greenblatt, A., Hass, L., Kohn, S., y Rana, J. (2001). Justice for all? A report on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered youth in the New York juvenile justice system. Urban Justice Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED471676.pdf
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., y Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American journal of preventive medicine, 14(4), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
Fletcher, J. B., Kisler, K. A., y Reback, C. J. (2014). Housing status and HIV risk behaviors among transgender women in Los Angeles. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1651-1661. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-014-0368-1
Fraser, B., Pierse, N., Chisholm, E., y Cook, H. (2019). LGBTIQ+ homelessness: A review of the literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152677
Gattis, M. N. (2013). An ecological systems comparison between homeless sexual minority youths and homeless heterosexual youths. Journal of social service research, 39(1), 38-49.https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.633814
Gattis, M. N., y Larson, A. (2017). Perceived microaggressions and mental health in a sample of black youths experiencing homelessness. Social Work Research, 41(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/svw030
Giménez, S., Carbonero, J. S., Ugalde, J. D., Rodríguez, J. G., y Benlloch, P., (2019). Estudio sociológico de las personas LGTBI sin hogar en la Comunidad de Madrid. FACIAM. https://bit.ly/3n4Lo3H
Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J. J., y Min, D. (2011). Transgender Discrimination Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force: Washington, DC, USA.
Gutman, S. A., Precin, P., LaForest, M. L., Chu, A., Diaz, M., Engel, R., ... y Zimmer, A. (2021). The Association between LGBTQIA+ Self-Identification and Factors Facilitating Homelessness: A Scoping Review of the Occupational Therapy Peer-Reviewed Literature. Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 35(2), 138-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2021.1901171
Harrell, S. P. (2000). A multidimensional conceptualization of racism‐related stress: Implications for the well‐ being of people of color. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087722
Harris, K. M., Halpern, C. T., Whitsel, E., Hussey, J., Tabor, J., Entzel, P., y Udry, J. R. (2009). The national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health: Research design.
Heimberg, L. K. (1963). The measurement of future time perspective. Vanderbilt University.
Hein, L. C. (2011). Survival strategies of male homeless adolescents. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 17(4), 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390311407913
Jain, J. P., Santos, G. M., Hao, J., Leonard, A., Miller, A. M., Cuca, Y. P., & Dawson-Rose, C. (2022). The syndemic effects of adverse mental health conditions and polysubstance use on being at risk of clinical depression among marginally housed and homeless transitional age youth living in San Francisco, California. Plos one, 17(3), e0265397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265397
Johnston, L. D., Miech, R. A., O‘Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., y Patrick, M. E. (2018). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2017: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/148123/Overview?sequence=1
Julian, L. J. (2011). Measures of anxiety. Arthritis care & research, 63(0 11). doi: 10.1002/acr.20561
Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., ... y Zaza, S. (2013). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 63(4), 1-168. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24806229
Kattari, S. K., y Begun, S. (2017). On the margins of marginalized: Transgender homelessness and survival sex. Affilia, 32(1), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109916651904
Kecojevic, A., Wong, C. F., Schrager, S. M., Silva, K., Bloom, J. J., Iverson, E., y Lankenau, S. E. (2012). Initiation into prescription drug misuse: differences between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and heterosexual high-risk young adults in Los Angeles and New York. Addictive behaviors, 37(11), 1289-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.006
Keizur, E. M., Goldbeck, C., Vavala, G., Romero, A., Ocasio, M., Fournier, J., ... & Team, A. T. N. A. C. (2020). Safety and effectiveness of same-day Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae screening and treatment among gay, bisexual, transgender, and homeless youth in Los Angeles, California and New Orleans, Louisiana. Sexually transmitted diseases, 47(1), 19. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001088
Keuroghlian, A. S., McDowell, M. J., y Stern, T. A. (2018). Providing care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender immigrants at health centers and clinics. Psychosomatics, 59(2), 193-198. DOI:10.1016/j.psym.2017.10.008
Keuroghlian, A. S., Shtasel, D., y Bassuk, E. L. (2014). Out on the street: a public health and policy agenda for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 84(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0098852
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., y Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia and London. B.Saunders Company, 47.
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., y Martin, C. E. (2003). Sexual behavior in the human male. American journal of public health, 93(6), 894-898. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.93.6.894
Krause, K. D., Kapadia, F., Ompad, D. C., D’Avanzo, P. A., Duncan, D. T., y Halkitis, P. N. (2016). Early life psychosocial stressors and housing instability among young sexual minority men: the P18 cohort study. Journal of Urban Health, 93(3), 511-525. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11524-016-0049-6
Levy, D. K., Wissoker, D., Aranda, C. L., Howell, B., Pitingolo, R., Sewell, S., y Santos, R. (2017). A paired testing pilot study of housing discrimination against same-sex couples and transgender individuals. Urban Institute.
LoSchiavo, C., Krause, K. D., Singer, S. N., y Halkitis, P. N. (2020). The Confluence of Housing Instability and Psychosocial, Mental, and Physical health in Sexual Minority Young Adults: The P18 Cohort Study. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 31(4), 1693. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2020.0127
Maccio, E. M., y Ferguson, K. M. (2016). Services to LGBTQ runaway and homeless youth: Gaps and recommendations. Children and Youth Services Review, 63, 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.008
Marshall, B. D., Shannon, K., Kerr, T., Zhang, R., & Wood, E. (2010). Survival sex work and increased HIV risk among sexual minority street-involved youth. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 53(5), 661.doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c300d7
Marušić, A., & Bilić, B. (2016). Nowhere at home: Homelessness, non-heterosexuality, and LGBT activism in Croatia. In Intersectionality and LGBT Activist Politics (pp. 129-154). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Matthews, P., Poyner, C., y Kjellgren, R. (2019). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer experiences of homelessness and identity: insecurity and home (o) normativity. International Journal of Housing Policy, 19(2), 232-253.https://doi.org/10.1080/19491247.2018.1519341
Mayock, P., y Parker, S. (2017). Living in limbo: Homeless young people’s paths to housing. Dublin: Focus Ireland
McCandless, S. (2018). LGBT homeless youth and policing. Public Integrity, 20(6), 558-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1402738
McCann, E., y Brown, M. (2019). Homelessness among youth who identify as LGBTQ+: A systematic review. Journal of clinical nursing, 28(11-12), 2061-2072. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14818
McCann, E., y Brown, M. J. (2021). Homeless experiences and support needs of transgender people: A systematic review of the international evidence. Journal of nursing management, 29(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13163
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., y Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of personality and social psychology, 82(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112
Mokonogho, J., Mittal, S., y Quitangon, G. (2010). Treating the transgender homeless population: Experiences during residency training. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 14(4), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2010.504422
Morton, M. H., Dworsky, A., Matjasko, J. L., Curry, S. R., Schlueter, D., Chávez, R., y Farrell, A. F. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of youth homelessness in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006
Moskowitz, A., Stein, J. A., y Lightfoot, M. (2013). The mediating roles of stress and maladaptive behaviors on self-harm and suicide attempts among runaway and homeless youth. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(7), 1015-1027.
Mossman, S. A., Luft, M. J., Schroeder, H. K., Varney, S. T., Fleck, D. E., Barzman, D. H., ... y Strawn, J. R. (2017). The generalized anxiety disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation. Annals of clinical psychiatry: official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, 29(4), 227. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765270/
National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2012). LGBTQ youth national policy statement. https://endhomelessness.org/resource/lgbtq-youth-national-policy-statement/
Norris, M., y Quilty, A. (2021). Unreal, unsheltered, unseen, unrecorded: The multiple invisibilities of LGBTQI+ homeless youth. Critical Social Policy, 41(3), 468-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018320953328
Ormiston, C. K. (2022). LGBTQ Youth Homelessness: Why We Need to Protect Our LGBTQ Youth. LGBT health. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2021.0324
Paradis, E. (2017). In 2017, why is the issue of LGBTI homelessness still invisible? Autumn 2017 – Homeless in Europe Magazine: LGBTIQ Homelessness, p. 3.
Pavot, W., y Diener, E. (2009). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. In Assessing well-being (pp. 101-117). Springer, Dordrecht. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_5
Petering, R., La Motte-Kerr, W., Rhoades, H., y Wenzel, S. (2021). Changes in physical assault among adults moving into permanent supportive housing. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(15-16), NP8643-NP8652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519844775
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
Ream, G. L., Barnhart, K. F., y Lotz, K. V. (2012). Decision processes about condom use among shelter-homeless LGBT youth in Manhattan. AIDS research and treatment, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/659853
Rew, L., Slesnick, N., Johnson, K., Aguilar, R., y Cengiz, A. (2019). Positive attributes and life satisfaction in homeless youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.021
Rhoades, H., Rusow, J. A., Bond, D., Lanteigne, A., Fulginiti, A., y Goldbach, J. T. (2018). Homelessness, mental health and suicidality among LGBTQ youth accessing crisis services. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 49(4), 643–651. doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0780-1
Salazar, L. F., Crosby, R. A., Jones, J., Kota, K., Hill, B., y Masyn, K. E. (2017). Contextual, experiential, and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV status: a descriptive analysis of transgender women residing in Atlanta, Georgia. International journal of STD & AIDS, 28(11), 1059-1066. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416686722
Santa Maria, D., Daundasekara, S. S., Hernandez, D. C., Zhang, W., y Narendorf, S. C. (2020). Sexual risk classes among youth experiencing homelessness: Relation to childhood adversities, current mental symptoms, substance use, and HIV testing. Plos one, 15(1), e0227331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227331
Scheier, M. F., y Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health psychology, 4(3), 219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
Shaffer, D., Schwab-Stone, M., Fisher, P., Cohen, P., Placentini, J., Davies, M., ... y Regier, D. (1993). The diagnostic interview schedule for children-revised version (DISC-R): I. Preparation, field testing, interrater reliability, and acceptability. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(3), 643-650. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199305000-00023
Shelton, J. (2015). Transgender youth homelessness: Understanding programmatic barriers through the lens of cisgenderism. Children and Youth Services Review, 59, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.10.006
Shelton, J. (2016). Reframing risk for transgender and gender-expansive young people experiencing homelessness. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 28(4), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2016.1221786
Shelton, J., y Bond, L. (2017). “It just never worked out”: How transgender and gender expansive youth understand their pathways into homelessness. Families in society, 98(4), 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.98.33
Simpson, E. K. (2018). Influence of gender-based family roles on gender transition for transgender women. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 14(4), 356-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2017.1359722
Simpson, E. K., y Helfrich, C. A. (2005). Lesbian survivors of intimate partner violence: Provider perspectives on barriers to accessing services. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 18(2), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1300/J041v18n02_03
Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J., Shorey, H. S., Rand, K. L., y Feldman, D. B. (2003). Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology. School psychology quarterly, 18(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.18.2.122.21854
Snyder, S. M., Hartinger-Saunders, R., Brezina, T., Beck, E., Wright, E. R., Forge, N., y Bride, B. E. (2016). Homeless youth, strain, and justice system involvement: An application of general strain theory. Children and Youth Services Review, 62, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.02.002
Spicer, S. S. (2010). Healthcare needs of the transgender homeless population. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 14(4), 320-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2010.505844
Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y: Sampler set, manual, test, scoring key. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden. https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000
Stablein, T. (2017). Estimating the status and needs of homeless LGBT adolescents: Advocacy, identity, and the dialectics of support. In Gender, Sex, and Sexuality Among Contemporary Youth (Vol. 23, pp. 23-41). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1537-466120170000023003
Straus, M. A., y Gelles, R. J. (1990). Physical violence in American families: families. New Brunswick. NJ: Transaction publishers.
Sutter, M., y Perrin, P. B. (2016). Discrimination, mental health, and suicidal ideation among LGBTQ people of color. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000126
Swan, W. (Ed.). (2014). Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender civil rights: A public policy agenda for uniting a divided America. CRC Press.
Tierney, W. G., y Ward, J. D. (2017). Coming out and leaving home: A policy and research agenda for LGBT homeless students. Educational Researcher, 46(9), 498-507.https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X17733964
Torres-Harding, S. R., Andrade Jr, A. L., y Romero Diaz, C. E. (2012). The Racial Microaggressions Scale (RMAS): a new scale to measure experiences of racial microaggressions in people of color. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027658
Tunåker, C. (2015). “No Place Like Home?” Locating Homeless LGBT Youth. Home Cultures, 12(2), 241-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/17406315.2015.1046300
Tyler, K. A., Gervais, S. J., y Davidson, M. M. (2013). The relationship between victimization and substance use among homeless and runaway female adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(3), 474-493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512455517
Tyler, K. A., y Beal, M. R. (2010). The high-risk environment of homeless young adults: Consequences for physical and sexual victimization. Violence and victims, 25(1), 101-115. DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.25.1.101
Tyler, K. A., y Schmitz, R. M. (2018). A comparison of risk factors for various forms of trauma in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 19(4), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2018.1451971
US Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2020). The 2019 annual homeless assessment report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-in-time estimates of homelessness.
Wagnild, G. M., y Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric. Journal of nursing measurement, 1(2), 165-17847.
Walls, N. E., y Bell, S. (2011). Correlates of engaging in survival sex among homeless youth and young adults. Journal of sex research, 48(5), 423-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.501916
Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., y Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. In annual convention of the international society for traumatic stress studies, San Antonio, TX (Vol. 462).
Weston, K. (1995). Get thee to a big city: Sexual imaginary and the great gay migration. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 2(3), 253-277. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-2-3-253
Whitbeck, L. B., Chen, X., Hoyt, D. R., Tyler, K. A., y Johnson, K. D. (2004). Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of sex research, 41(4), 329-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552240
Whitbeck, L. B., y Simons, R. L. (1990). Life on the streets: The victimization of runaway and homeless adolescents. Youth & Society, 22(1), 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X90022001007
WHOAW Group. (2002). The alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST): development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction, 97(9), 1183-1194. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x
Wilson, B. D., Choi, S. K., Harper, G. W., Lightfoot, M., Russell, S., y Meyer, I. H. (2020). Homelessness among LGBT adults in the US. Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/content/qt9kp233rh/qt9kp233rh.pdf
Wittchen, H. U. (1994). Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review. Journal of psychiatric research, 28(1), 57-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1
World Health Organization. (1990). Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 1.0. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Wright, K., Naar-King, S., Lam, P., Templin, T., y Frey, M. (2007). Stigma scale revised: reliability and validity of a brief measure of stigma for HIV+ youth. Journal of adolescent health, 40(1), 96-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.08.001
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review /Revista Internacional de Tecnología, Ciencia y Sociedad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles are published under an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license. Authors retain copyright over their work.