Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
  • \
    Start Submission Become a Reviewer

    Towards the impact of COVID-19 on the Environment, Education, and Economy (EEE)

    • Harjot Kaur
    • Samarjeet Singh Siwal
    • Pariksha Bishnoi
    • Saptak Rarotra
    • Dai-Viet N. Vo
    • Vijai Kumar Gupta
    • Dave Robert
    • Vijay Kumar


    Abstract

    COVID-19 has intensified human suffering, undermined the economy, turned the lives of billions of people around the globe upside down, and significantly affected the health, economic, environmental, and social domains. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the ecological environment, the energy sector, society, and the economy and investigate the global preventive measures taken to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. This epidemic has caused severe demographic changes and unemployment, and economic activities have been shut down to save human lives. Transportation industries are most severely hit as global tourism has fallen to almost zero during these months. As a solution, financial institutes have introduced stimulus packages worth more than $6 trillion. However, restricted economic activities have also contributed to a cleaner environment. Here in this report, we have collected the literature based on the impacts of lockdown on (EEE); environment (such as; air pollution, water pollution, marine life, and wildlife, etc.), education (such as; positive drawbacks, and long-term effects) and economy (such as; GDP, street vendors, agriculture and food supply sector, and drug traffickers, etc.). Finally, we concluded our topic with affirmative and negative impacts of COVID-19 during the lockdown. To the best of our knowledge, this is a unique and one-of-its-kind review highlighting the essential impact of COVID-19 on the environment, education, and economy.

    Keywords: Environmental pollution Waste generation COVID-19 economic downturn educational sector
    Section

    References

    1. Aday, S., Aday, M.S. 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain. Food Quality and Safety, 4(4), 167-180.
    2. Adedeji, A.N., Ahmed, F.F., Adam, S.U. 2021. Examining the dynamic effect of COVID-19 pandemic on dwindling oil prices using structural vector autoregressive model. Energy, 120813.
    3. Ali, S.M., Malik, F., Anjum, M.S., Siddiqui, G.F., Anwar, M.N., Lam, S.S., Nizami, A.-S., Khokhar, M.F. 2021. Exploring the linkage between PM2.5 levels and COVID-19 spread and its implications for socio-economic circles. Environmental Research, 193, 110421.
    4. Aragaw, T.A. 2020. Surgical face masks as a potential source for microplastic pollution in the COVID-19 scenario. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 159, 111517.
    5. Arencibia-Jorge, R., García-García, L., Galban-Rodriguez, E., & Carrillo-Calvet, H. (2020). The multidisciplinary nature of COVID-19 research. Iberoamerican Journal of Science Measurement and Communication, 1(1), 003. https://doi.org/10.47909/ijsmc.13
    6. Balamadeswaran, P., Karthik, J., Ramakrishnan, R., Bharath, K.M. 2021. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on tropospheric NO2 pollution assessed using Satellite-ground perspectives observations in India. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment.
    7. Bar, H. 2021. COVID-19 lockdown: animal life, ecosystem and atmospheric environment. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(6), 8161-8178.
    8. Bera, B., Bhattacharjee, S., Shit, P.K., Sengupta, N., Saha, S. 2021. Significant impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on urban air pollution in Kolkata (India) and amelioration of environmental health. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(5), 6913-6940.
    9. Bergeron, A., Décary-Hétu, D., Giommoni, L. 2020. Preliminary findings of the impact of COVID-19 on drugs crypto markets. International Journal of Drug Policy, 83, 102870.
    10. Bhat, S.A., Bashir, O., Bilal, M., Ishaq, A., Din Dar, M.U., Kumar, R., Bhat, R.A., Sher, F. 2021. Impact of COVID-related lockdowns on environmental and climate change scenarios. Environmental Research, 195, 110839.
    11. Bíl, M., Andrášik, R., Cícha, V., Arnon, A., Kruuse, M., Langbein, J., Náhlik, A., Niemi, M., Pokorny, B., Colino-Rabanal, V.J., Rolandsen, C.M., Seiler, A. 2021. COVID-19 related travel restrictions prevented numerous wildlife deaths on roads: A comparative analysis of results from 11 countries. Biological Conservation, 256, 109076.
    12. Bourghelle, D., Jawadi, F., Rozin, P. 2021. Oil price volatility in the context of Covid-19. International Economics, 167, 39-49.
    13. Bradley, B.T., Maioli, H., Johnston, R., Chaudhry, I., Fink, S.L., Xu, H., Najafian, B., Deutsch, G., Lacy, J.M., Williams, T., Yarid, N., Marshall, D.A. 2020. Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series. The Lancet, 396(10247), 320-332.
    14. Brosnahan, S.B., Jonkman, A.H., Kugler, M.C., Munger, J.S., Kaufman, D.A. 2020. COVID-19 and Respiratory System Disorders. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 40(11), 2586-2597.
    15. Casado-Aranda, L.-A., Sánchez-Fernández, J., Viedma-del-Jesús, M.I. 2021. Analysis of the scientific production of the effect of COVID-19 on the environment: A bibliometric study. Environmental Research, 193, 110416.
    16. Chang, C.-L., McAleer, M., Wang, Y.-A. 2020. Herding behaviour in energy stock markets during the Global Financial Crisis, SARS, and ongoing COVID-19*. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134, 110349.
    17. Chen, H.-C., Yeh, C.-W. 2021. Global financial crisis and COVID-19: Industrial reactions. Finance Research Letters, 42, 101940.
    18. Choi, J.-J., Robb, C.A., Mifli, M., Zainuddin, Z. 2021. University students’ perception to online class delivery methods during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focus on hospitality education in Korea and Malaysia. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100336.
    19. Chowdhury, H., Chowdhury, T., Sait, S.M. 2021a. Estimating marine plastic pollution from COVID-19 face masks in coastal regions. Marine pollution bulletin, 168, 112419-112419.
    20. Chowdhury, R.B., Khan, A., Mahiat, T., Dutta, H., Tasmeea, T., Binth Arman, A.B., Fardu, F., Roy, B.B., Hossain, M.M., Khan, N.A., Amin, A.T.M.N., Sujauddin, M. 2021b. Environmental externalities of the COVID-19 lockdown: Insights for sustainability planning in the Anthropocene. Science of The Total Environment, 783, 147015.
    21. Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi, M., Terrinoni, A., Jiang, W.-C., Wang, C.-B., Bernardini, S. 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 57(6), 365-388.
    22. Colvile, R.N., Hutchinson, E.J., Mindell, J.S., Warren, R.F. 2001. The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 35(9), 1537-1565.
    23. Contini, C., Enrica Gallenga, C., Neri, G., Maritati, M., Conti, P. 2020. A new pharmacological approach based on remdesivir aerosolized administration on SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation: A possible and rational therapeutic application. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 109876.
    24. de Sousa, F.D.B. 2021. Plastic and its consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental science and pollution research international, 28(33), 46067-46078.
    25. Domingo, J.L., Marquès, M., Rovira, J. 2020. Influence of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on COVID-19 pandemic. A review. Environmental Research, 188, 109861.
    26. Donthu, N., Gustafsson, A. 2020. Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289.
    27. Dutta, V., Dubey, D., Kumar, S. 2020. Cleaning the River Ganga: Impact of lockdown on water quality and future implications on river rejuvenation strategies. The Science of the total environment, 743, 140756-140756.
    28. El-Shabasy, R.M., Nayel, M.A., Taher, M.M., Abdelmonem, R., Shoueir, K.R., Kenawy, E.R. 2022. Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 204, 161-168.
    29. Espitia, A., Mattoo, A., Rocha, N., Ruta, M., Winkler, D. 2021. Pandemic trade: COVID-19, remote work and global value chains. The World Economy, n/a(n/a).
    30. Farzan, S.F., Karagas, M.R., Chen, Y. 2013. In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 272(2), 384-390.
    31. Favale, T., Soro, F., Trevisan, M., Drago, I., Mellia, M. 2020. Campus traffic and e-Learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Computer Networks, 176, 107290.
    32. Fegert, J.M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P.L., Clemens, V. 2020. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14(1), 20.
    33. Filimonau, V. 2021. The prospects of waste management in the hospitality sector post COVID-19. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 168, 105272.
    34. Foy, B.H., Wahl, B., Mehta, K., Shet, A., Menon, G.I., Britto, C. 2021. Comparing COVID-19 vaccine allocation strategies in India: A mathematical modelling study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 103, 431-438.
    35. Gorbalenya, A.E., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S., de Groot, R.J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A.A., Haagmans, B.L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A.M., Neuman, B.W., Penzar, D., Perlman, S., Poon, L.L.M., Samborskiy, D.V., Sidorov, I.A., Sola, I., Ziebuhr, J., Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of, V. 2020. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology, 5(4), 536-544.
    36. Gorris, M.E., Anenberg, S.C., Goldberg, D.L., Kerr, G.H., Stowell, J.D., Tong, D., Zaitchik, B.F. 2021. Shaping the Future of Science: COVID-19 Highlighting the Importance of GeoHealth. GeoHealth, 5(5), e2021GH000412.
    37. Greenwood, J., Smith, B.D. 1997. Financial markets in development, and the development of financial markets. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 21(1), 145-181.
    38. Gutiérrez, E., Meller, L., Virdis, J. M., De Simón, F., Gurovich, C., & Fernández Leyes, L. (2020). Retweet or reply? Covid-19 and Twitter. The case of the city of Bahía Blanca (Argentina). AWARI, 1(2), e018. https://doi.org/10.47909/awari.79
    39. Haefliger, P., Mathieu-Nolf, M., Lociciro, S., Ndiaye, C., Coly, M., Diouf, A., Faye Absa, L., Sow, A., Tempowski, J., Pronczuk, J., Junior Antonio Pedro, F., Bertollini, R., Neira, M. 2009. Mass Lead Intoxication from Informal Used Lead-Acid Battery Recycling in Dakar, Senegal. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(10), 1535-1540.
    40. Hayakawa, K., Mukunoki, H. 2021. Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Value Chains. The Developing Economies, 59(2), 154-177.
    41. Hepburn, C., O’Callaghan, B., Stern, N., Stiglitz, J., Zenghelis, D. 2020. Will COVID-19 fiscal recovery packages accelerate or retard progress on climate change? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 36(Supplement_1), S359-S381.
    42. Hoang, A.T., Sandro, N., Olcer, A.I., Ong, H.C., Chen, W.-H., Chong, C.T., Thomas, S., Bandh, S.A., Nguyen, X.P. 2021. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy system and the shift progress to renewable energy: Opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. Energy Policy, 154, 112322.
    43. Hou, C., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Hua, L., Yuan, J., He, S., Guo, Y., Zhang, S., Jia, Q., Zhao, C., Zhang, J., Xu, G., Jia, E. 2020. The effectiveness of quarantine of Wuhan city against the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A well-mixed SEIR model analysis. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 841-848.
    44. Hua, J., Shaw, R. 2020. Corona Virus (COVID-19) “Infodemic” and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7).
    45. Jin, X., Lian, J.-S., Hu, J.-H., Gao, J., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y.-M., Hao, S.-R., Jia, H.-Y., Cai, H., Zhang, X.-L., Yu, G.-D., Xu, K.-J., Wang, X.-Y., Gu, J.-Q., Zhang, S.-Y., Ye, C.-Y., Jin, C.-L., Lu, Y.-F., Yu, X., Yu, X.-P., Huang, J.-R., Xu, K.-L., Ni, Q., Yu, C.-B., Zhu, B., Li, Y.-T., Liu, J., Zhao, H., Zhang, X., Yu, L., Guo, Y.-Z., Su, J.-W., Tao, J.-J., Lang, G.-J., Wu, X.-X., Wu, W.-R., Qv, T.-T., Xiang, D.-R., Yi, P., Shi, D., Chen, Y., Ren, Y., Qiu, Y.-Q., Li, L.-J., Sheng, J., Yang, Y. 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut, 69(6), 1002.
    46. Karuppasamy, M.B., Seshachalam, S., Natesan, U., Ayyamperumal, R., Karuppannan, S., Gopalakrishnan, G., Nazir, N. 2020. Air pollution improvement and mortality rate during COVID-19 pandemic in India: global intersectional study. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 13(11), 1375-1384.
    47. Kaur, H., Siwal, S.S., Chauhan, G., Saini, A.K., Kumari, A., Thakur, V.K. 2022a. Recent advances in electrochemical-based sensors amplified with carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) for sensing pharmaceutical and food pollutants. Chemosphere, 135182.
    48. Kaur, H., Thakur, V.K., Siwal, S.S. 2022b. Recent advancements in graphdiyne-based nano-materials for biomedical applications. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 112-120.
    49. Khan, I., Shah, D., Shah, S.S. 2021. COVID-19 pandemic and its positive impacts on environment: an updated review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(2), 521-530.
    50. Kubiszewski, I., Costanza, R., Franco, C., Lawn, P., Talberth, J., Jackson, T., Aylmer, C. 2013. Beyond GDP: Measuring and achieving global genuine progress. Ecological Economics, 93, 57-68.
    51. Kumar, S. 2020. Effect of meteorological parameters on spread of COVID-19 in India and air quality during lockdown. Science of The Total Environment, 745, 141021.
    52. Larue, B. 2020. Labor issues and COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 231-237.
    53. Levantesi, C., Bonadonna, L., Briancesco, R., Grohmann, E., Toze, S., Tandoi, V. 2012. Salmonella in surface and drinking water: Occurrence and water-mediated transmission. Food Research International, 45(2), 587-602.
    54. Li, J.-Y., Sun, R., Tao, W., Lee, Y. 2021. Employee coping with organizational change in the face of a pandemic: The role of transparent internal communication. Public Relations Review, 47(1), 101984.
    55. Loh, H.C., Looi, I., Ch’ng, A.S.H., Goh, K.W., Ming, L.C., Ang, K.H. 2021. Positive global environmental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a review. GeoJournal.
    56. Lokhandwala, S., Gautam, P. 2020. Indirect impact of COVID-19 on environment: A brief study in Indian context. Environmental Research, 188, 109807.
    57. Lotfi, M., Hamblin, M.R., Rezaei, N. 2020. COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 508, 254-266.
    58. Luby, S.P., Halder, A.K., Huda, T.M., Unicomb, L., Islam, M.S., Arnold, B.F., Johnston, R.B. 2015. Microbiological Contamination of Drinking Water Associated with Subsequent Child Diarrhea. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 93(5), 904-911.
    59. Luu, T.T. 2021. Worker resilience during the COVID-19 crisis: The role of core beliefs challenge, emotion regulation, and family strain. Personality and Individual Differences, 179, 110784.
    60. Martelletti, L., Martelletti, P. 2020. Air Pollution and the Novel Covid-19 Disease: a Putative Disease Risk Factor. SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 1-5.
    61. Martínez Rod, P. (2021). Covid Photo Diaries : Activismo en la comunicación visual de la pandemia del Covid-19. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 8(2), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevvisual.v8.2934
    62. Mathavarajah, S., Stoddart, A.K., Gagnon, G.A., Dellaire, G. 2021. Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater. Science of The Total Environment, 760, 143346.
    63. Mostafa, M.K., Gamal, G., Wafiq, A. 2021. The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt. Journal of Environmental Management, 277, 111496.
    64. Muduli, P.R., Kumar, A., Kanuri, V.V., Mishra, D.R., Acharya, P., Saha, R., Biswas, M.K., Vidyarthi, A.K., Sudhakar, A. 2021. Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(6), 1645-1652.
    65. Muhammad, S., Shah, M.T., Khan, S. 2011. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 98(2), 334-343.
    66. Nash, C. 2020. Report on Digital Literacy in Academic Meetings during the 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown. Challenges, 11(2).
    67. Ncube, L.K., Ude, A.U., Ogunmuyiwa, E.N., Zulkifli, R., Beas, I.N. 2021. An Overview of Plastic Waste Generation and Management in Food Packaging Industries. Recycling, 6(1).
    68. Nigam, R., Pandya, K., Luis, A.J., Sengupta, R., Kotha, M. 2021. Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 4285.
    69. Niu, S., Tian, S., Lou, J., Kang, X., Zhang, L., Lian, H., Zhang, J. 2020. Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 89, 104058.
    70. Norouzi, N. 2021. Post-COVID-19 and globalization of oil and natural gas trade: Challenges, opportunities, lessons, regulations, and strategies. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(10), 14338-14356.
    71. Ogen, Y. 2020. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality. Science of The Total Environment, 726, 138605.
    72. Olah, G.A., Goeppert, A., Prakash, G.K.S. 2009. Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether: From Greenhouse Gas to Renewable, Environmentally Carbon Neutral Fuels and Synthetic Hydrocarbons. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 74(2), 487-498.
    73. Paital, B. 2020. Nurture to nature via COVID-19, a self-regenerating environmental strategy of environment in global context. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 139088.
    74. Parvin, F., Islam, S., Urmy, Z., Ahmed, S. 2020. THE SYMPTOMS, CONTAGIOUS PROCESS, PREVENTION AND POST TREATMENT OF COVID-19. European Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Studies; Vol 1, No 1 (2020).
    75. Patel, P.P., Mondal, S., Ghosh, K.G. 2020. Some respite for India's dirtiest river? Examining the Yamuna's water quality at Delhi during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Science of The Total Environment, 744, 140851.
    76. Pawar, M. 2020. The Global Impact of and Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The International Journal of Community and Social Development, 2(2), 111-120.
    77. Pradhan, P., Subedi, D.R., Khatiwada, D., Joshi, K.K., Kafle, S., Chhetri, R.P., Dhakal, S., Gautam, A.P., Khatiwada, P.P., Mainaly, J., Onta, S., Pandey, V.P., Parajuly, K., Pokharel, S., Satyal, P., Singh, D.R., Talchabhadel, R., Tha, R., Thapa, B.R., Adhikari, K., Adhikari, S., Chandra Bastakoti, R., Bhandari, P., Bharati, S., Bhusal, Y.R., Bahadur Bk, M., Bogati, R., Kafle, S., Khadka, M., Khatiwada, N.R., Lal, A.C., Neupane, D., Neupane, K.R., Ojha, R., Regmi, N.P., Rupakheti, M., Sapkota, A., Sapkota, R., Sharma, M., Shrestha, G., Shrestha, I., Shrestha, K.B., Tandukar, S., Upadhyaya, S., Kropp, J.P., Bhuju, D.R. 2021. The COVID-19 Pandemic Not Only Poses Challenges, but Also Opens Opportunities for Sustainable Transformation. Earth's Future, 9(7), e2021EF001996.
    78. Preeti, T. 2020. Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Education System. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(9s), 3812 - 3814.
    79. Quinete, N., Hauser-Davis, R.A. 2021. Drinking water pollutants may affect the immune system: concerns regarding COVID-19 health effects. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(1), 1235-1246.
    80. Radbin, R., Vahedi, F., Chamani, J. 2014. The influence of drinking-water pollution with heavy metal on the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ in mice by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cytotechnology, 66(5), 769-777.
    81. Rastogi, Y.R., Thakur, R., Thakur, P., Mittal, A., Chakrabarti, S., Siwal, S.S., Thakur, V.K., Saini, R.V., Saini, A.K. 2022. Food fermentation – Significance to public health and sustainability challenges of modern diet and food systems. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 371, 109666.
    82. Ravindra, K., Mor, S. 2019. Distribution and health risk assessment of arsenic and selected heavy metals in Groundwater of Chandigarh, India. Environmental Pollution, 250, 820-830.
    83. Richards, T.J., Rickard, B. 2020. COVID-19 impact on fruit and vegetable markets. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 189-194.
    84. S. Constantinou, C. (2022). ‘Symbolic Power’ in the Official Covid-19 Field and Language. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 11(1), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevhuman.v11.3080
    85. Saadat, S., Rawtani, D., Hussain, C.M. 2020. Environmental perspective of COVID-19. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138870.
    86. Samuel, A. M., & Garcia-Constantino, M. (2022). User-centred prototype to support wellbeing and isolation of software developers using smartwatches. Advanced Notes in Information Science, 1, 140-151. https://doi.org/10.47909/anis.978-9916-9760-0-5.125
    87. Santos Rocha, E., & Ferreira Araújo, R. (2022). Rapid scientific communication in times of pandemic: the attention of pre-prints online about Covid-19. Advanced Notes in Information Science, 2, 103-111. https://doi.org/10.47909/anis.978-9916-9760-3-6.114
    88. Satarug, S., Garrett Scott, H., Sens Mary, A., Sens Donald, A. 2010. Cadmium, Environmental Exposure, and Health Outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118(2), 182-190.
    89. Schwartz, A.L.W., Shilling, F.M., Perkins, S.E. 2020. The value of monitoring wildlife roadkill. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 66(1), 18.
    90. Shah, S.M.A., Rasheed, T., Rizwan, K., Bilal, M., Iqbal, H.M.N., Rasool, N., Toma, S., Marceanu, L.G., Bobescu, E. 2021. Risk management strategies and therapeutic modalities to tackle COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(3), 331-346.
    91. Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Aremu, A.Y., Hussain, A., Lodhi, R.N. 2021. Effects of COVID-19 in E-learning on higher education institution students: the group comparison between male and female. Quality & Quantity, 55(3), 805-826.
    92. Sheoran, K., Kaur, H., Siwal, S.S., Saini, A.K., Vo, D.-V.N., Thakur, V.K. 2022a. Recent advances of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) for wastewater treatment: Synthesis and application. Chemosphere, 299, 134364.
    93. Sheoran, K., Siwal, S.S., Kapoor, D., Singh, N., Saini, A.K., Alsanie, W.F., Thakur, V.K. 2022b. Air Pollutants Removal Using Biofiltration Technique: A Challenge at the Frontiers of Sustainable Environment. ACS Engineering Au.
    94. Shipkowski, K.A., Sheth, C.M., Smith, M.J., Hooth, M.J., White, K.L., Germolec, D.R. 2017. Assessment of immunotoxicity in female Fischer 344/N and Sprague Dawley rats and female B6C3F1 mice exposed to hexavalent chromium via the drinking water. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 14(1), 215-227.
    95. Shrivastava, R., Upreti, R.K., Seth, P.K., Chaturvedi, U.C. 2002. Effects of chromium on the immune system. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 34(1), 1-7.
    96. Singh, S., Sharma, N., Singh, U., Singh, T., Mangal, D.K., Singh, V. 2020. Nasopharyngeal wash in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections: Could it prevent COVID-19? Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society, 37(3), 246-251.
    97. Singhal, T. 2020. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian journal of pediatrics, 87(4), 281-286.
    98. Siwal, S.S., Chaudhary, G., Saini, A.K., Kaur, H., Saini, V., Mokhta, S.K., Chand, R., Chandel, U.K., Christie, G., Thakur, V.K. 2021a. Key ingredients and recycling strategy of personal protective equipment (PPE): Towards sustainable solution for the COVID-19 like pandemics. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5), 106284.
    99. Siwal, S.S., Kaur, H., Saini, A.K., Thakur, V.K. 2022a. Recent Progress in Carbon Dots-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Toward Environmental Sustainability. Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, n/a(n/a), 2200062.
    100. Siwal, S.S., Sheoran, K., Mishra, K., Kaur, H., Saini, A.K., Saini, V., Vo, D.-V.N., Nezhad, H.Y., Thakur, V.K. 2022b. Novel synthesis methods and applications of MXene-based nanomaterials (MBNs) for hazardous pollutants degradation: Future perspectives. Chemosphere, 133542.
    101. Siwal, S.S., Zhang, Q., Devi, N., Saini, A.K., Saini, V., Pareek, B., Gaidukovs, S., Thakur, V.K. 2021b. Recovery processes of sustainable energy using different biomass and wastes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 150, 111483.
    102. Siwal, S.S., Zhang, Q., Devi, N., Thakur, K.V. 2020a. Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposite for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications. Polymers, 12(3).
    103. Siwal, S.S., Zhang, Q., Saini, A.K., Gupta, V.K., Roberts, D., Saini, V., Coulon, F., Pareek, B., Thakur, V.K. 2021c. Recent advances in bio-electrochemical system analysis in biorefineries. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(5), 105982.
    104. Siwal, S.S., Zhang, Q., Saini, A.K., Thakur, V.K. 2020b. Antimicrobial Materials: New Strategies to Tackle Various Pandemics. Journal of Renewable Materials, 8(12).
    105. Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, R. 2020. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76.
    106. Sunny, A.R., Mithun, M.H., Prodhan, S.H., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Rahman, S.M., Billah, M.M., Hussain, M., Ahmed, K.J., Sazzad, S.A., Alam, M.T., Rashid, A., Hossain, M.M. 2021. Fisheries in the Context of Attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh: COVID-19 Impacts and Future Prospects. Sustainability, 13(17).
    107. Surinaidu, L., Amarasinghe, U., Maheswaran, R., Nandan, M.J. 2020. Assessment of long-term hydrogeological changes and plausible solutions to manage hydrological extremes in the transnational Ganga river basin. H2Open Journal, 3(1), 457-480.
    108. Sv, P., Lathabhavan, R., Ittamalla, R. 2021. What concerns Indian general public on second wave of COVID-19? A report on social media opinions. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 15(3), 829-830.
    109. Thomson, D.J.M., Barclay, D.R. 2020. Real-time observations of the impact of COVID-19 on underwater noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(5), 3390-3396.
    110. Tilaki, M.J., Abooali, G., Marzbali, M.H., Samat, N. 2021. Vendors’ Attitudes and Perceptions towards International Tourists in the Malaysia Night Market: Does the COVID-19 Outbreak Matter? Sustainability, 13(3).
    111. Tobías, A., Carnerero, C., Reche, C., Massagué, J., Via, M., Minguillón, M.C., Alastuey, A., Querol, X. 2020. Changes in air quality during the lockdown in Barcelona (Spain) one month into the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Science of The Total Environment, 726, 138540.
    112. Tung, N.T., Cheng, P.-C., Chi, K.-H., Hsiao, T.-C., Jones, T., BéruBé, K., Ho, K.-F., Chuang, H.-C. 2021. Particulate matter and SARS-CoV-2: A possible model of COVID-19 transmission. Science of The Total Environment, 750, 141532.
    113. Wang, C., Wang, D., Abbas, J., Duan, K., Mubeen, R. 2021a. Global Financial Crisis, Smart Lockdown Strategies, and the COVID-19 Spillover Impacts: A Global Perspective Implications From Southeast Asia. 12(1099).
    114. Wang, S., Ye, J., Kang, Z., Peng, H., Mackey, V., Sun, L. 2021b. The COVID-19 pandemic and the potential treatment of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. American journal of translational research, 13(3), 871-881.
    115. Wu, J.T., Leung, K., Leung, G.M. 2020. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. The Lancet, 395(10225), 689-697.
    116. Zambrano-Monserrate, M.A., Ruano, M.A., Sanchez-Alcalde, L. 2020. Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138813.
    117. Zhang, X., Tang, M., Guo, F., Wei, F., Yu, Z., Gao, K., Jin, M., Wang, J., Chen, K. 2021. Associations between air pollution and COVID-19 epidemic during quarantine period in China. Environmental Pollution, 268, 115897.
    118. Zulfiqar, I., Wahab, A., Saeed, M.U., Hussain, N., Sabar, M.F., Bilal, M., Iqbal, H.M.N. 2022. Nanoarchitectonics: role of nanomaterials in vaccination strategies for curbing SARs-CoV-2/COVID-19. Nanofabrication, 7.

    How to Cite

    Kaur, H. ., Siwal, S. S. ., Bishnoi, P. ., Rarotra, S. ., Vo, D.-V. N. ., Gupta, V. K. ., … Vijay Kumar. (2022). Towards the impact of COVID-19 on the Environment, Education, and Economy (EEE). Biomaterials and Polymers Horizon, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.37819/bph.001.02.0213
    ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
    Download Citation
    Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

    HTML
    357

    Total
    273 6

    Share

    Search Panel

    Harjot Kaur
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Samarjeet Singh Siwal
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Pariksha Bishnoi
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Saptak Rarotra
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Dai-Viet N. Vo
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Vijai Kumar Gupta
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Dave Robert
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Vijay Kumar
    Google Scholar
    Pubmed
    JDMFS Journal

    Downloads

    Article Details

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37819/bph.001.02.0213

    Published: 2022-08-01

    Most Read This Month

    License

    Copyright (c) 2022 Harjot Kaur, Samarjeet Singh Siwal, Pariksha Bishnoi, Saptak Rarotra, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Dave Robert, Vijay Kumar

    Creative Commons License

    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

    Copyright © 2023 EurAsia Academic Publishing Group. All rights reserved