Empathy in adolescents, cognitions and affect during the pandemic, Peru
Keywords:
Adolescent Empathy, Affectivity, Cognition, Emotion, Endurance, Infection, ResilienceAbstract
The objective of the research was to carry out an analysis of the capacity for empathy in 178 adolescents from 14 to 17 years of age who are in the last cycle of Regular Basic Education. The convergent design was applied. In the first stage, a checklist was applied, and in the second, a semi-structured interview. The synchronous-descriptive cross-sectional study made possible to report that the adolescent, during the pandemic, is empathetic, aware of the possibility of becoming infected, believes that his/her care and self-protection will prevent him/her from becoming infected, suffers with the pain of others who accompanies.
References
Bazán, E. (2020 abril 6). Perú se ubicaría en tercer lugar de Latinoamérica en violencia escolar. Diario La República. https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2020/02/12/peru-se-ubica-en-tercer-lugar-de-latinoamerica-en-violencia-escolar-bullying-acoso-sexual/
Bekkali, S., Youssef, G. J., Donaldson, P. H., Albein-Urios, N., Hyde, C. & Enticott, P. G. (2021). Is the Putative Mirror Neuron System Associated with Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychology Review, 31(1), 14–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-020-09452-6
Bošnjaković, J. & Radionov, T. (2018). Empathy: Concepts, Theories and Neuroscientific Basis. Alcoholism & Psychiatry Research, 54(2), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2018.54.02.04
Bunge, T. (2019). El desgaste por empatía en los profesionales de cuidados paliativos. Universidad Astral. https://riu.austral.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/123456789/741/TIF%20bunge.pdf?sequence=1
Butovskaya, M. L., Burkova, V. N., Randall, A. K., Donato, S., Fedenok, J. N., Hocker, L., Kline, K. M., Ahmadi, K., Alghraibeh, A. M., Fathil Bakir, M. A., Alpaslan, F. S., Mohammad Ahmad Abdelaziz Al-Zu’bi, Derya Fatma Biçer, Cetinkaya, H., Oana, A. D., Dural, S., Erickson, P., Ermakov, A. M., Ertuğrul, B., . . . Zinurova, R. I. (2021). Cross-cultural perspectives on the role of empathy during COVID-19’s first wave. Sustainability, 13(13), 7431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137431
Choe, S. Y., Lee, J. O. & Read, S. J. (2020). Self‐concept as a mechanism through which parental psychological control impairs empathy development from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Social Development, 29(3), 713–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12431
Cuartero, M. E. (2018). Desgaste por empatía: cómo ser un profesional del trabajo social y no desfallecer en el intento. Cuaderno de trabajo social.
Davis, A. N., McGinley, M., Carlo, G., Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Rosiers, S. E. D., Baezconde-Garbanati, L., Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I. & Soto, D. (2021). Examining discrimination and familism values as longitudinal predictors of prosocial behaviors among recent immigrant adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 45(4), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650254211005561
Elliott, C. N. (2021). Optimism and social resilience: Social isolation, meaninglessness, trust, and empathy in times of COVID-19. Societies, 11(2), 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11020035
Erentaitė, R., Vosylis, R. & Crocetti, E. (2019). Longitudinal Associations of Identity Processing Styles with Prodiversity and Proequality Values in Adolescence. Child Development, 90(5), 1490–1502. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13291
Fernandez, A. V. & Zahavi, D. (2020). Basic empathy: Developing the concept of empathy from the ground up. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 110, 103695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103695
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia - Unicef (2019). Seamos amigos en la escuela. Santillana. https://www.unicef.org/ecuador/media/3886/file/Ecuador_guia_inclusion_empatia.pdf.pdf
González, C. (2019). Empatía, ¿la respuesta para la crisis global? (III). Capital Humano, 346, 170–172.
Güroğlu, B. (2021). Adolescent brain in a social world: Unravelling the positive power of peers from a neurobehavioral perspective. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(4), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1813101
Guzmán, L. D., Giraldo, M. A. y Duarte, Y. (2019). Diferencias en los niveles de empatía entre hombres y mujeres: Una revisión bibliográfica. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12494/15756/1/2019_estudiantes_genero_conducta.pdf
Harris, J. & Kruger, A. C. (2021). Exploring the Influence of Racial-Ethnic and Gender Identity on the Prosocial Behaviors of African American Adolescent Males. Youth & Society, 53(3), 512–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X19854936
Iniguez-Berrozpe, T., Lozano-Blasco, R., Quilez-Robres, A. and Pascual, A. C. (2021). University students and home lockdown. Sociopersonal factors that influence their levels of anxiety and empathy. Revista Internacional de Educacion para la Justicia Social 9(3), 301-316. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2020.9.3.016
Jalón, C., Montero-Marin, J., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Gascón, S., Navarro-Gil, M., Barceló-Soler, A., Delgado-Suárez, I. & García-Campayo, J. (2021). Implementing a training program to promote mindful, empathic, and pro-environmental attitudes in the classroom: a controlled exploratory study with elementary school students. Current Psychology, Preprints, 1–9.
Keum, S. & Shin, H. S. (2019). Genetic factors associated with empathy in humans and mice. Neuropharmacology, 159, 107514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.029
Kim, E. K., You, S. & Knox, J. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Empathy on the Relation Between Child Self-Expressiveness in Family and Prosocial Behaviors. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 29(6), 1572–1581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01676-2
Lewis, J. (2020). Ser adolescente en tiempo de pandemia. riesgos en torno a la salud mental. Universidad Católica San Pablo. https://ucsp.edu.pe/ser-adolescente-en-tiempo-de-pandemia-riesgos-en-torno-a-la-salud-mental/
López-Pérez, B., Fernández-Pinto, I. y Abad, F. J. (2008). TECA. Test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva. TEA. http://web.teaediciones.com/TECA--TEST-DE-EMPATIA-COGNITIVA-Y-AFECTIVA.aspx
Maldonado, M. y Barajas, C. (2018). Teoría de la mente y empatía. Repercusiones sobre la aceptación entre pares en niños de educación preescolar primaria y secundaria. Escritos de psicología, 11 (1),10-24. Recuperado de http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf
Martínez, M. B., Argüelles, M. A. y Menéndez, J. E. (2020). Responsabilidad y empatía de los jóvenes frente al COVID-19. Revista Ocronos. Vol. III. Nº 8. https://revistamedica.com/responsabilidad-empatia-jovenes-covid-19/
Murphy, B. A., Costello, T. H., Watts, A. L., Cheong, Y. F., Berg, J. M. & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2020). Strengths and Weaknesses of Two Empathy Measures: A Comparison of the Measurement Precision, Construct Validity, and Incremental Validity of Two Multidimensional Indices. Assessment, 27(2), 246–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118777636
Orm, S., Vatne, T., Tomeny, T. S. & Fjermestad, K. (2021). Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic. Review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-021-00251-0
Perenc, L. & Pęczkowski, R. (2018). Cognitive and affective empathy among adolescent siblings of children with a physical disability. Disability and Health Journal 11(1), pp. 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.08.008
Petrocchi, S., Bernardi, S., Malacrida, R., Traber, R., Gabutti, L. & Grignoli, N. (2021). Affective empathy predicts self-isolation behaviour acceptance during coronavirus risk exposure. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89504-w
Ramsøy, T. Z., Skov, M., Macoveanu, J., Siebner, H. R. & Fosgaard, T. R. (2015). Empathy as a neuropsychological heuristic in social decision-making. Social Neuroscience, 10(2), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.965341
Rivero, M. (2019). Empatía, el arte de entender a los demás. DICYT-UMSS.
Rodas, B. C. (2016). La empatía cognitiva y el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en los niños y niñas de 5-6 años de la unidad educativa Alfonso Troya. Universidad de Ambato. https://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/23404/1/PROYECTO%20DE%20INVESTIGACI%C3%93N.pdf
Ros Cubel, N. (2020, setiembre 22). El desarrollo de la empatía en la infancia. Educación emocional. Dide. http://educaryaprender.es/desarrollo-empatia-infantil-educacion-emocional/
Ruiz, R. (9 de abril de 2020). La empatía en tiempos de coronavirus. Colegio de Psicólogos de la provincia de Córdoba. (Publicación de blog). https://cppc.org.ar/la-empatia-en-tiempos-de-coronavirus
Salazar Ubago, A. M. y Fernández-Castillo, A. (2016). Análisis de la empatía en educación infantil: estudio basado en la expresión a través del dibujo. Revista de Educación de la Universidad de Granada, 23, 9-26. https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/reugra/article/view/16628
Seiler-Ramadas, R., Grabovac, I., Winkler, R. & Dorner, T. E. (2021). Applying Emotional Literacy in Comprehensive Sex Education for Young People. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2021.1932657
Sommerlad, A., Huntley, J., Livingston, G., Rankin, K. P. & Fancourt, D. (2021). Empathy and its associations with age and sociodemographic characteristics in a large UK population sample. PLoS One, 16(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257557
Taiwo, Z., Bezdek, M., Mirabito, G. and Light, S. N. (2021). Empathy for joy recruits a broader prefrontal network than empathy for sadness and is predicted by executive functioning. Neuropsychology. 35(1):90-102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000666
Tur-Porcar, A., Llorca, A., Malonda, E., Samper, P. y Mestre, M. V. (2016). Empathy in adolescence. relations with prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behavior and aggression. Acción Psicológica 13(2) 3-14. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3440/344049074002.pdf
van de Groep, S., Zanolie, K., Green, K. H., Sweijen, S. W. & Crone, E. A. (2020). A daily diary study on adolescents’ mood, empathy, and prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 15(10). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240349
Wever, M. C. M., van Houtum, L. A. E., Janssen, L. H., Will, G. J., Tollenaar, M. S. & Elzinga, B. M. (2021). Neural signatures of parental empathic responses to imagined suffering of their adolescent child. NeuroImage, 232, 117886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117886
Wieck, C., Kunzmann, U. & Scheibe, S. (2021). Empathy at work: The role of age and emotional job demands. Psychology and Aging, 36(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000469
Yang, Y., Zhen, G., Yu, K. & Liu, B. (2019). Linking self-compassion and prosocial behavior in adolescents: The mediating roles of relatedness and trust. Child Indicators Research, 12(6), 2035-2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-9623-2
Yaremych, H. E., & Volling, B. L. (2020). Sibling relationships and mothers’ and fathers’ emotion socialization practices: a within-family perspective. Early Child Development & Care, 190(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1461095
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles are published under an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license. Authors retain copyright over their work.