Homeless LGBT+ minority stress
Keywords:
Homeless, Minority stress, LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, TransgenderAbstract
Introduction: LGBT+ youth are at high risk of homelessness in addition to experiencing sexual minorities stress. Objective: to know the perception of stress in homeless LGBT+ minorities in their risk of social exclusion. Methodology: linear probability regression model to determine the marginal effects of the items with the probability of social exclusion risk. The significance of the partial effects and the reliability of the degree of classification from the model are evaluated. Results: different types of LGBT+ minority stress influence the risk of social exclusion. Conclusions: future research should expand the LGBT+ sample to achieve a better understanding of this phenomenon.
References
Ahmed, S. (2013). Queer feelings. En D. E. Hall y A. Jagose (Eds.), The Routledge queer studies reader (p. 422). Routledge.
Alessi, E. J. y Martin, J. I. (2017). Intersection of trauma and identity. En K. L. Eckstrand y J. Potter (Eds.), Trauma, resilience, and health promotion in LGBT patients: What every healthcare provider should know (pp. 3-14). Springer.
Alessi, E. J., Greenfield, B., Manning, D. y Dank, M. (2021). Victimization and resilience among sexual and gender minority homeless youth engaging in survival sex. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(23-24), 11236-11259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519898434
Atteberry-Ash, B., Walls, N. E., Kattari, S. K., Peitzmeier, S. M., Kattari, L. y Langenderfer-Magruder, L. (2020). Forced sex among youth: accrual of risk by gender identity, sexual orientation, mental health and bullying. Journal of LGBT Youth, 17(2), 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2019.1614131
Baiocco, R. y Pistella, J. (2019). “Be as you are” Clinical research center at the Sapienza University of Rome. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 23(4), 376-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2019.1644572
Baiocco, R., Fontanesi, L., Santamaria, F., Ioverno, S., Marasco, B., Baumgartner, E., Willoughby. B. L. B. y Laghi, F. (2015). Negative parental responses to coming out and family functioning in a sample of lesbian and gay young adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 1490-1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9954-z
Baiocco, R., Rosati, F., Pistella, J., Salvati, M., Carone, N., Ioverno, S. y Laghi, F. (2020). Attitudes and beliefs of Italian educators and teachers regarding children raised by same-sex parents. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 17, 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00386-0
Balsam, K. F., Beadnell, B. y Molina, Y. (2013). The Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire: Measuring minority stress among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(1), 3-25.
Barrientos Delgado, J., Espinoza-Tapia, R., Meza Opazo, P., Saiz, J. L., Cárdenas Castro, M., Guzmán-González, M., Gómez Ojeda, F., Bahamondes Correa, J. y Lovera Saavedra, L. (2019). Efectos del prejuicio sexual en la salud mental de personas transgénero chilenas desde el Modelo de Estrés de las Minorías: Una aproximación cualitativa. Terapia psicológica, 37(3), 181-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082019000300181
Boivin, R. R. (2014). “Se podrían evitar muchas muertas”. Discriminación, estigma y violencia contra minorías sexuales en México. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad - Revista Latinoamericana, 16, 86-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-64872014000100006
Brooks, V. R. (1981). Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington Books.
Ceballos-Fernández, M. (2014). Identidad homosexual y contexto familiar heteroparental: implicaciones educativas para la subversión social. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 12(2), 643-658. http://dx.doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.1229140514
Choi, S. K., Wilson, B. D. M., Shelton, J. y Gates, G. (2015). Serving our youth 2015: The needs and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth experiencing homelessness. The Williams Institute & True Colors Fund. https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pd9886n/qt1pd9886n.pdf
Curry, S. R., Morton, M., Matjasko, J. L., Dworsky, A., Samuels, G. M. y Schlueter, D. (2017). Youth homelessness and vulnerability: How does couch surfing fit?. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60(1-2), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12156
Dank, M., Yahner, J., Madden, K., Bañuelos, I., Yu, L., Ritchie, A., Mora, M. y Conner, B. (2015). Surviving the streets of New York: Experiences of LGBTQ youth, YMSM, and YWSW engaged in survival sex. Urban Institute. http://webarchive.urban.org/publications/2000119.html
Deal, C., Doshi, R. D. y Gonzales, G. (2023). Gender Minority Youth Experiencing Homelessness and Corresponding Health Disparities. Journal of Adolescent Health. Advance Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.11.229
Dehlin, J. P., Galliher, R. V., Bradshaw, W. S., Hyde, D. C. y Crowell, K. A. (2015). Sexual orientation change efforts among current or former LDS church members. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(2), 95-105. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/cou0000011
DiGuiseppi, G., Semborski, S., Rhoades, H., Goldbach, J. y Henwood, B. F. (2022). Perceived safety in community and service settings among young adults experiencing homelessness: Differences by sexual and gender identity. American Journal of Community Psychology, 70(3-4), 340-351. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12606
Donovan, C., Hester, M., Holmes, J. y McCarry, M. (2006). Comparing domestic abuse in same sex and heterosexual relationships. University of Sunderland and University of Bristol.
Durso, L. E. y Gates, G. J. (2012). Serving out youth: Findings from a national survey of services providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The Williams Institute & True Colors Fund. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Durso-Gates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf
Ecker, J., Aubry, T. y Sylvestre, J. (2020). Pathways into homelessness among LGBTQ2S adults. Journal of Homosexuality, 67(11), 1625-1643. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1600902
Eisenberg, M. E., Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., Rider, G. N., Shea, G. y Coleman, E. (2017). Risk and protective factors in the lives of transgender/gender nonconforming adolescents. Journal of adolescent health, 61(4), 521-526.
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., Kim, H. J. y Barkan, S. E. (2012). Disability among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: Disparities in prevalence and risk. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 16-21. http://dx.doi .org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300379
Giménez Rodríguez, S., Carbonero Muñoz, D., Ugalde Galera, J. D., Rodríguez Pérez, J. G. y Benlloch Sanz, P. (2019). Estudio Sociológico de las personas sin hogar LGTBI de la Comunidad de Madrid. Faciam. https://faciam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Informe-LGTBI-sin-hogar-18-junio-ok.pdf
Gonsiorek, J. C. (1988). Mental health issues of gay and lesbian adolescents. Journal of Adolescents Health Care, 9(2), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0070(88)90057-5
Goodman L., Saxe L. y Harvey M. (1991). La falta de vivienda como trauma psicológico. Ampliando perspectivas. American Psychology, 46, 1219-25.
Greenfield, B., Alessi, E. J., Manning, D., Dato, C. y Dank, M. (2021). Learning to endure: A qualitative examination of the protective factors of homeless transgender and gender expansive youth engaged in survival sex. International journal of transgender health, 22(3), 316-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2020.1838387
Grooms, J. (2020). No home and no acceptance: Exploring the intersectionality of sexual/gender identities (LGBTQ) and race in the foster care system. The Review of Black Political Economy, 47(2), 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644620911381
Gutman, S. A., Precin, P., LaForest, M. L., Chu, A., Diaz, M., Engel, R., Hart, L., Plaus, N., Xing, S. y Zimmer, A. (2021). The Association between LGBTQIA+ Self-Identification and Factors Facilitating Homelessness: A Scoping Review of the Occupational Therapy Peer-Reviewed Literature. Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 35(2), 138-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2021.1901171
Haldeman, D. C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting Clininical Psychology, 62, 221-227.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). (2022, 19 octubre). Encuesta a las personas sin hogar. INE. www.ine.es/prensa/epsh_2022.pdf
Kattari, S. K. y Begun, S. (2017). On the margins of marginalized: Transgender homelessness and survival sex. Affilia, 32(1), 92-103.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109916651904
Kennedy, A. C. (2007). Homelessness, violence exposure, and school participation among urban adolescent mothers. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20169
Kim, R. (2009). A Report on the status of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people in education: Stepping out of the closet, into the light. National Education Association Research Department. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED505970
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D. y Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(70), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Levy, D. K., Wissoker, D., Aranda, C. L., Howell, B., Pitingolo, R., Sewell, S. y Santos, R. (2017). A paired testing pilot study of housing discrimination against same-sex couples and transgender individuals. Urban Institute. https://rb.gy/oku6pf
Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., King, K. M., Miles, J., Gold, M. A. y Morse, J. Q. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: A meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction, 103, 546 -556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02149.x
Meier, S., Pardo, S., Labuski, C. y Babcock, J. (2013). Measures of clinical health among female-to-male transgender persons as a function of sexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(3), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012- 0052-2
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological bulletin, 129(5), 674. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Meyer, I. H. (2015). Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000132
Meyer, I. H. y Frost, D. M. (2013). Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities. En C. J. Patterson y A. R. D’Augelli (Eds.) Handbook of psychology and sexual orientation (pp. 252-266). Oxford University Press.
Muñoz Rojas, E., Basurdo Peña, M. I. y Vega Barragán, O. (2014). Construcción de factores protectores en la familia para el afrontamiento de la discriminación en adultos jóvenes homosexuales. [Trabajo de Desarrollo Humano y Familia]. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. https://repository.unad.edu.co/bitstream/10596/2438/3/1120364523.pdf
Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Keatley, J., Han, L. y Soma, T. (2004). HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgender persons of color in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 94(7), 1193-1199. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.7.1193
Pachankis, J. E., Cochran, S. D. y Mays, V. M. (2015). The mental health of sexual minority adults in and out of the closet: A population-based study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 890-901. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000047
Patra S. (2016). Conversion therapy for homosexuality: serious violation of ethics. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 1, 194-5.
Pichardo Galán, J. I., Alonso, M., Puche Cabezas, L. y Muñoz, Ó. (2019). Guía ADIM LGBT+. Inclusión de la diversidad sexual y de identidad de género en empresas y organizaciones. Ministerio de la Presidencia, relaciones con las cortes e igualdad. https://rb.gy/oku6pf
Pistella, J., Caricato, V. y Baiocco, R. (2020). Coming out to siblings and Parents in an Italian sample of lesbian women and gay men. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 2916-2929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01597-0
Pistella, J., Rosati, F. y Baiocco, R. (2022). Feeling safe and content: Relationship to internalized sexual stigma, self-awareness, and identity uncertainty in Italian lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 27(1) 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2022.2087344
Ream, G. L. y Forge, N. R. (2014). Homeless lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth in New York City. Child Welfare, 93(2), 7-22. www.jstor.org/stable/48623427#metadata_info_tab_contents
Parlamento Europeo (2018). Resolución del Parlamento Europeo, de 1 de marzo de 2018, sobre la situación de los derechos fundamentales en la Unión en 2016. Diario oficial de la Unión Europea, C129/14. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52018IP0056&from=EN
Rice, E., Barman-Adhikari, A., Rhoades, H., Winetrobe, H., Fulginiti, A., Astor, R., Montoya, J., Plant, A. y Kordic, T. (2013). Homelessness experiences, sexual orientation, and sexual risk taking among high school students in Los Angeles. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 773-778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.11.011
Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W. y Hunter, J. (2012). Risk factors for homelessness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A developmental milestone approach. Children and youth services review, 34(1), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.09.016
Rosati, F., Pistella, J. y Baiocco, R. (2020). Italian sexual minority older adults in healthcare services: identities, discriminations, and competencies. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 18, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00443-z
Rubio-Martín, M. J., Muñoz López, M., Cabrera Cabrera, P. J. y Sánchez Morales, M. R. H. (Coords.) (2022). Perspectiva social y psicológica de la situación sin hogar: vidas de calle y sueños rotos. Pirámide.
Ryan, W. S., Legate, N. y Weinstein, N. (2015). Coming out as lesbian, gay, or bisexual: the lasting impact of initial disclosure experiences. Self Identity, 14, 549-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029516
Sánchez Morales, M. D. R. (2012). En los límites de la exclusión social: las personas sin hogar en España. OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 7(2), 307-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/OBETS2012.7.2.06
Scandurra, C., Carbone, A., Baiocco, R., Mezzalira, S., Maldonato, N. M. y Bochicchio, V. (2021). Gender identity milestones, minority stress and mental health in three generational cohorts of Italian binary and nonbinary transgender people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179057
Schmitz, R. M. y Tyler, K. A. (2018). The complexity of family reactions to identity among homeless and college lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer young adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47, 1195-1207. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-017-1014-5
Shay, K. (2021). Why Don’t Homeless People Use Shelters?. Soapboxie. https://bit.ly/3jY8gju
Stotzer, R. L. (2009). Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), 170-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.01.006
Tyler, K. A. (2008). A comparison of risk factors for sexual victimization among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual homeless young adults. Violence and Victims, 23, 586-602. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.586
Vázquez, M. y Esteban, C. (2014). La “B” en terapia: Experiencias, modelos y asuntos de la población bisexual en psicoterapia. Ciencias de la conducta, 29, 20-40. https://t.ly/lj9H
Vigna, A. J., Poehlmann-Tynan, J. y Koenig, B. W. (2018). Does self-compassion facilitate resilience to stigma? A school-based study of sexual and gender minority youth. Mindfulness, 9(3), 914-924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0831-x
Whitbeck, L. B., Chen, X., Hoyt, D. R., Tyler, K. A. y Johnson, K. D. (2004). Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Sex Research, 41(4), 329-342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552240
Wilson, B. D., Choi, S. K., Harper, G. W., Lightfoot, M., Russell, S. y Meyer, I. H. (2020). Homelessness among LGBT adults in the US. Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/content/qt9kp233rh/qt9kp233rh.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
All articles are published under an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license. Authors retain copyright over their work.
